Impact of pitahaya exports on Ecuador's economic development during the 2018–2025 period

Abstract

This analysis evaluates how pitahaya exports affect Ecuador's economic growth between 2018 and 2025. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, and longitudinal research approach, the study investigates the connection between export values ​​(FOB and metric tons) and nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) through time-series analysis and correlations.
The findings reveal significant dynamism in the non-traditional agricultural sector. Exports rose from USD 58.20 million in 2018 to a record high of USD 224.00 million in 2025, representing a cumulative growth of 278.38%. Concurrently, physical export volume reached 64,500 metric tons in 2025. This increase was driven by the opening of key markets—such as the United States, the European Union, and China—the signing of trade agreements, and the demand for phytosanitary certifications and Good Agricultural Practices. Meanwhile, nominal GDP showed overall growth of 21.25%, recovering from the declines observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, rising from USD 107,479.0 million to USD 130,320.6 million. Although pitahaya accounts for a moderate share of total GDP, the upward trend in both variables highlights the fruit's importance as a highly active sector. In summary, pitahaya exports have a favorable impact on Ecuador's economy. Their growth generates essential revenue to sustain dollarization, fosters rural development, creates both direct and indirect job opportunities, and modernizes production infrastructure through land transformation and the adoption of agricultural technology.